La crisis de los sistemas tradicionales de partidos y el ascenso del populismo en la Unión Europea
El difícil equilibrio político entre soberanía nacional y neoliberalismo supranacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24275/uamxoc-dcsh/argumentos/202094-12Palabras clave:
globalización neoliberal, integración europea, clivaje, populismo, ganadores/perdedores, euroescépticos/pro-UEResumen
El proceso de integración de la Unión Europea, ligado a la globalización neoliberal, propició el surgimiento de un nuevo eje de conflicto social que ha modificado los espacios políticos nacionales. El proyecto de transformar a la Unión Europea en una estructura política supranacional y en un mercado unificado de corte neoliberal transformó las bases sociales sobre las que descansaban los sistemas de partidos nacionales. Las divergencias entre las propuestas de las élites partidarias y las expectativas y percepciones de los ciudadanos de a pie se ensancharon y se debilitó la representatividad de los partidos tradicionales. Los cambios sociales y de actitudes, así como las inadecuadas respuestas de los partidos tradicionales contribuyeron al desalineamiento electoral y crearon espacio político que los partidos populistas, de derecha o de izquierda, empezaron a ocupar.
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