De las políticas de integración nacional a la construcción del estado multiétnico:

México y Bolivia.

Abstract

Two cases and two periods in the evolution of Latin-American official nationalism of the State are compared. During the first period, since the first quarter of the xx century until the 1970s, politics towards the Indian groups and national integration were achieved in both countries. The achievements were: growth of the social legitimization base of the State; strengthening of the client bonds, and political control over Indian communities. Success in Bolivia was limited. Since the eighties both states applied neoliberal politics that weakened the ways of populist mobilization and they increased poverty for all peasants. Paradoxically, at a time when individualism and market forces are celebrated, both states recognize, for the first time, the pluriethnic culture of their people.